Wednesday, December 26, 2012

The Mafia State of Azerbaijan: a Case Study of Maj. Ramil Safarov


            The case of Major Ramil Safarov has precious little to do with the UN, except that it is through the UN that I was made aware of it. It is one of the most disturbing stories to come out of the post-Soviet Caucasus recently. Not because of particular violence or brutality, thought it has plenty of that, but because of the utter contempt for the rule of law and of good faith negotiations that are essential for international relations demonstrated by the Azeri government.
            The Ramil Safarov case is just latest manifestation of tensions between Azerbaijan and Armenia. As neighbouring peoples the Azeris and the Armenians have been in conflict for centuries. In its current form the conflict is about the Nagorno-Karabakh region, a de facto independent republic in western Azerbaijan with ethnic Armenians form a majority of the region’s population. Tension over control of the region built up in the late eighties, and escalated into all out war following the collapse of the Soviet Union. A Russian brokered ceasefire put an end to hostilities and remains in affect to this day, though both sides commit minor violations on an almost daily basis.
            It is only in this context that Maj. Safarov’s actions make any sense. In 2004, Safarov, then a lieutenant in the Azerbaijan Land Forces, participated in an English language course in Budapest with other officers from all over eastern Europe as part of NATO’s Partnership for Peace Initiative. On the night of 19 February, Lt. Safarov snuck into the dorm of Lt. Gurgen Margaryan, one of two Armenian officers on the course, and brutally murdered him with an axe. He also attempted to kill the other Armenian officer, but was arrested by Hungarian police before he was able to do so. After two years of trial, Hungarian courts sentenced him to life in prison with no possibility of parole for at least thirty years.
            The case took on a new dimension early this year when the Azeri government entered into the negotiations about the possibility of transferring Ramil Safarov to Azerbaijan to serve out the rest of his sentence there. After about six months of negotiation, the Hungarian government was satisfied that Azerbaijan had provided sufficient assurances under the European Convention on the Transfer of Convicted Persons, and Safarov was duly extradited. He was welcomed as a hero in Baku, was immediately granted a pardon by President Ilham Aliyev, promoted to Major, and awarded eight years back pay for the time he spent in prison.
            Appalling as all of this is, it’s not all that surprising when you take a closer look at the man behind the most recent developments. It’s not without reason that in the WikiLeaks cables, President Aliyev is likened to Michael Corleone. He is essentially a mafia boss. He has known ties to the Russian mob, and to criminal elements in the Azeri diaspora, and is a key figure in the Baku underworld. When construed as a mob kingpin rewarding one of his foot soldiers for killing a foot soldier of his most hated enemies, rather than as a head of state flouting international law, the whole affair seems disturbingly normal.
            What is far more concerning is that Azerbaijan currently holds a seat on the UN Security Council. There have been far more unsavoury governments represented on the council (Libya under Gadhafi, Argentina under Peron), this has usually due to functional necessity or lack of good alternatives, but this is not at all the case here. Both Hungary and Slovakia ran for the seat a little over a year ago, and it’s not like Azerbaijan’s is an essential voice for the maintenance of international peace and security. If anything, their actions in Nagorno-Karabakh actively threaten the stability of the region. The only reason I can see that they are on the council is that they ran a successful negative campaign, the first since 1980, against the other two candidates.

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